Thursday, December 4, 2008

RFID Applications




How it works

How does RFID work? A Radio-Frequency IDentification system has three parts:
  • A scanning antenna
  • A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data
  • A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been programmed with information.


See in Detail

Problems with RFID

Some common problems with RFID are
1> Reader collision :-
Reader collision occurs in RFID systems when the coverage area of one RFID reader overlaps with that of another reader.
2> Tag collision :-
Tag collision in RFID systems happens when multiple tags are energized by the RFID tag reader simultaneously, and reflect their respective signals back to the reader at the same time. This problem is often seen whenever a large volume of tags must be read together in the same RF field. The reader is unable to differentiate these signals;

Future

Future Chipless RFID allows for discrete identification of tags without an integrated circuit, thereby allowing tags to be printed directly onto assets at a lower cost than traditional tags. As of 2008 none of the chipless concepts has become operational.
Today, RFID is used in enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management

RFID Readers

The RFID reader is designed for fast and easy system integration without losing performance, functionality or security.

The RFID reader consists of a real time processor, operating system, virtual portable memory, and transmitter/receiver unit in one small self-contained module that is easily installed in the ceiling or in any other convenient location.

RFID tags

RFID tags come in three general varieties:-
1> passive
2> active
3> semi-passive


To communicate, tags respond to queries generating signals that must not create interference with the readers, as arriving signals can be very weak and must be differentiated

Besides backscattering, load modulation techniques can be used to manipulate the reader's field. Typically, backscatter is used in the far field, whereas load modulation applies in the nearfield, within a few wavelengths from the reader.


RFID backscatter

Semi-passive tags

Semi-passive tags are similar to active tags in that they have their own power source, but the battery only powers the microchip and does not power the broadcasting of a signal. The response is usually powered by means of backscattering the RF energy from the reader, where energy is reflected back to the reader as with passive tags. An additional application for the battery is to power data storage.

Semi-passive tags have three main advantages:

1> greater sensitivity than passive tags;
2> longer battery powered life cycle than active tags;
3> they can perform active functions (such as temperature logging) under their own power, even when no reader is present for powering the circuitry.